“Se guardi oltre le tue avversità, troverai sempre qualcosa in cui credere. Qualcosa di cui essere orgogliosi." ~Proverbio Taino~
"Lo spirito buono Yocahú Bagua Maracoti regnava sul sacro Monte Yuké e proteggeva la terra di Borikén (Porto Rico) e le Grandi Antille." -Credenza Taino-
Taino-Frau.
Taino Doña Varin Cheverez della città di Morovis a Porto Rico.
(Video) Perfect ndebele dance Ndebele dancers and singersTaíno-Flaggenbild Antonio Martins
Storia
I Taínos erano abitanti precolombiani delle Bahamas, delle Grandi Antille e delle Piccole Antille settentrionali. Si ritiene che i Taíno del mare siano imparentati con il popolo Arawak del Sud America. La lingua Taíno è un membro della famiglia linguistica Arawak, che si estende dal Sud America ai Caraibi. Al momento dell'arrivo di Colombo nel 1492, c'erano cinque domini e territori principali Taino su Hispaniola (l'odierna Haiti e la Repubblica Dominicana), ciascuno guidato da un capo cacicco (capo) a cui veniva reso omaggio.
Anche Porto Rico era diviso in chiefdom. Come capo ereditario delle tribù Taíno, il cacicco ricevette importanti onori. Al tempo della conquista spagnola, i più grandi centri abitati di Taíno potevano contare ciascuno più di 3.000 persone. I Taino erano storicamente nemici delle vicine tribù caraibiche, un altro gruppo di origini sudamericane che viveva principalmente nelle Piccole Antille. Il rapporto tra i due gruppi è stato oggetto di numerosi studi. Per gran parte del XV secolo, la tribù Taíno fu spinta nei Caraibi nord-orientali (da quello che oggi è il Sud America) a causa delle incursioni dei Caraibi. Molte donne caraibiche parlavano Taíno a causa del gran numero di prigionieri Taíno tra loro. Nel XVIII secolo, la società Taíno fu devastata da malattie introdotte come il vaiolo, nonché da altri problemi come i matrimoni misti e l'assimilazione forzata nell'economia delle piantagioni che la Spagna impose alle sue colonie caraibiche, con la successiva importazione di manodopera schiava.
La prima epidemia di vaiolo registrata in Hispaniola si è verificata nel dicembre 1518 o nel gennaio 1519. Si sostiene che ci fosse una significativa mescolanza razziale (razziale e culturale) così come diverse popolazioni indigene sopravvissute a Cuba fino al XIX secolo. Gli spagnoli, giunti prima alle Bahamas, Cuba e Hispaniola e poi a Porto Rico nel 1492, non portarono con sé nessuna donna. Hanno preso le donne Taíno come mogli, risultando in bambini meticci.
cultura di allora
La società Taíno era divisa in due classi: naborias (cittadini comuni) e nitaínos (nobili). Questi erano governati da capi noti come caciques (uomini o donne) assistiti da sacerdoti/guaritori noti come bohiques. I Bohiques furono elogiati per i loro poteri curativi e la capacità di conversare con gli dei e, di conseguenza, ai Taino fu concesso il permesso di prendere parte a compiti importanti. I Taínos vivevano in una società matriarcale. Se non c'era un erede maschio, l'eredità o la successione passava al figlio maggiore (figlio o figlia) della sorella del defunto.
I Taínos avevano una residenza post-matrimoniale avunkulocal, cioè una coppia di sposi risiedeva nella casa dello zio materno. I Taínos erano altamente qualificati nell'agricoltura e conducevano uno stile di vita principalmente agrario, ma anche pescavano e cacciavano. Un'acconciatura indossata di frequente aveva la frangia davanti e capelli più lunghi dietro. A volte usavano gioielli in oro, inchiostro e/o conchiglia. Gli uomini Taino a volte indossavano gonne corte. Le donne Taíno indossavano un indumento simile (nagua) dopo il matrimonio. Alcuni Tainos praticavano la poligamia. Gli uomini e talvolta le donne potevano avere due o tre mogli, e si scoprì che alcuni cacicchi sposavano fino a 30 mogli.
(Video) BASADA EN UNA HISTORIA REAL a punta de lanzaI Taino vivevano in metropoli chiamate yucayeques, che variavano di dimensioni da luogo a luogo; quelli di Puerto Rico e Hispaniola sono i più grandi e quelli delle Bahamas i più piccoli. Al centro di un tipico paese c'era una piazza utilizzata per varie attività sociali come giochi, feste, riti religiosi e cerimonie pubbliche. Questi quadrati avevano molte forme, tra cui ovali, rettangolari o stretti e oblunghi. Qui si tenevano cerimonie che celebravano le gesta degli antenati, chiamate areitos. Spesso la popolazione generale viveva in grandi edifici circolari (bohíos) costruiti con pali di legno, paglia intrecciata e fronde di palma. Queste case circonderebbero la piazza centrale e potrebbero ospitare da 10 a 15 famiglie. Il cacicco e la sua famiglia vivevano in edifici rettangolari (tubolari) di costruzione simile con portici in legno. Le decorazioni della casa Taíno includevano amache di cotone (hamaca), stuoie di palme, sedie di legno (dujo) con sedili intrecciati, piattaforme e culle.
Tainos heute
discendenti dei Taino-Caraibi
Sebbene alcuni storici affermino che gli indiani Taíno-Arawak dei Caraibi si estinsero interamente come vittime della conquista spagnola, si sa che migliaia di discendenti Taíno sono ora vivi e vegeti non solo a Cuba ma anche nella Repubblica Dominicana, Haiti lo sono. Florida. , New York, California, Hawaii e persino Spagna. Frank Moya Pons, uno storico dominicano, ha documentato che i coloni spagnoli sposarono donne Taino, e nel tempo questi discendenti meticci si sposarono con africani, creando una cultura creola trirazziale.
L'antropologo e archeologo Dr. Pedro J. Ferbel Azacarate scrive che i Taínos e gli africani vivevano in comunità isolate di Quilombola e si sono evoluti in una popolazione rurale con influenze culturali prevalentemente Taíno. Ferbel documenta che anche i domenicani rurali contemporanei conservano caratteristiche della lingua taíno, pratiche agricole, cibo, medicina, pratiche di pesca, tecnologia, architettura, tradizione orale e opinioni religiose. "È incredibile quante tradizioni, usanze e pratiche di Taíno siano sopravvissute", afferma David Cintrón, che ha scritto la sua tesi sul movimento di rivitalizzazione di Taíno. "Supponiamo solo che queste pratiche siano portoricane o cubane, e non ci rendiamo mai conto che sono Taíno".
Un recente studio a Porto Rico suggerisce che oltre il 61% della popolazione ha gruppi di nativi americani con eredità mtDNA come la Jatibonicu Taíno Tribal Nation of Boriken, Puerto Rico (1970), la Taíno Nation of the Antilles (1993), la Confederation United of the Taino People (1998) e El Pueblo Guatu Ma-Cu A Boriken Puerto Rico (2000) sono stati istituiti per promuovere la cultura Taino.
(Video) Tribal Island - All Monster Sounds and Animations (My Singing Monsters) 4kMito Taino: l'arcobaleno
I nani della foresta hanno teso un'imboscata a Yobuenahuaboshka e gli hanno tagliato la testa. Il capo tornò nella terra dei Cashinauás. Anche se aveva imparato a saltare e bilanciarsi con grazia, nessuno voleva una testa senza un corpo.
“Madre, fratelli, compatrioti”, disse con un sospiro, “perché mi respingete? Perché ti vergogni di me? Per porre fine al disagio e liberarsi della testa, la madre suggerì che si trasformasse in qualcosa, ma la testa si rifiutò di trasformarsi in ciò che già esisteva. La testa pensava, sognava, immaginava. La luna non esisteva. L'arcobaleno non esisteva. Ha chiesto sette matassine di filato di tutti i colori. Prese la mira e scagliò i proiettili in cielo uno dopo l'altro. I proiettili si sono conficcati dietro le nuvole; i fili si srotolavano dolcemente a terra.
Prima della salita, lo skipper ha avvertito: "Chi non mi riconosce sarà punito. Se mi vedi sopra, dì: “C'è Yobuenahuaboshka, alto e bello!
Quella notte, per la prima volta, apparve una barra bianca tra le stelle. Una ragazza alzò lo sguardo e chiese stupita: "Che cos'è?" Immediatamente, un pappagallo rosso piombò su di lei, si voltò improvvisamente e la colpì tra le gambe con la sua coda appuntita. La ragazza sanguinava. Da questo momento in poi, le donne sanguinano quando la luna glielo dice.
La mattina dopo il cordone dai sette colori brillò nel cielo. Un uomo gli ha puntato il dito contro. "Guarda, guarda! Straordinario!" Lo disse e cadde. E quella è stata la prima volta che qualcuno è morto.
Fonti:
(Video) Musica nativa americana del sonno: flauto del canyon e suoni del canyon notturnoTaino-Flagge
leggere parole/frasi.
FAQs
What are 3 facts about Taínos? ›
Facial features were high cheekbones and dark brown eyes. The majority of them didn't use clothing except for married women who would wear a “short apron” called nagua. The Taino Indians painted their bodies. The earrings, nose rings, and necklaces which were sometimes made of gold.
How do you say hello in Taíno? ›- Taigüey. Good day.
- Tau guaitiáo. Hello friends.
- Tai guaitiáo. A good friend.
- Takáji. Good afternoon.
- Taikarayá Good night.
- Taino-ti. God be with you.
- Bo-matúm. Thank you.
- Bo-guatukán. Blessings (upon you)
Many Puerto Ricans, Cubans, and Dominicans have Taíno mitochondrial DNA, showing that they are descendants through the direct female line. While some communities claim an unbroken cultural heritage to the old Taíno peoples, others are revivalist communities who seek to incorporate Taíno culture into their lives.
Are there any Taínos left? ›A thousand-year-old tooth has provided genetic evidence that the so-called "Taíno," the first indigenous Americans to feel the full impact of European colonisation after Columbus arrived in the New World, still have living descendants in the Caribbean today.
What did Taínos believe in? ›The Taínos were deeply religious and worshipped many gods and spirits. Above the gods there were two supreme beings, one male and one female. The physical representation of the gods and spirits were zemis, made of made of wood, stone, bone, shell, clay and cotton.
What is Taíno known for? ›The Taínos were farmers and fishers, and practiced intensive root crop cultivation in conucos, or small raised plots. Manioc was the principal crop, but potatoes, beans, peanuts, peppers and other plants were also grown. Farming was supplemented with the abundant fish and shellfish animal resources of the region.
What does Yaya mean in Taíno? ›According to Taino mythology, Yaya (which means "high spirit") was a deity, without origin. His son, called Yayael, was killed by his father, Yaya, who hung his bones in a pumpkin inside his bohio (Taíno dwelling), and from those bones the fish and the sea were born.
What are common Taíno words? ›English words derived from Taíno include: barbecue, caiman, canoe, cassava, cay, guava, hammock, hurricane, hutia, iguana, macana, maize, manatee, mangrove, maroon, potato, savanna, and tobacco.
Do people still speak Taíno? ›Taíno is an extinct Arawakan language that was spoken by the Taíno people of the Caribbean.
How much is Taíno DNA in Puerto Rico? ›A study published Wednesday in the journal Nature, for example, shows that, on average, about 14 percent of people's ancestry in Puerto Rico can be traced back to the Taino. In Cuba it is about four percent while in the Dominican Republic it is more like six percent.
What race was the Tainos? ›
The Taíno are the Arawakan-speaking peoples of the Caribbean who had arrived from South America over the course of 4,000 years.
What color were the Tainos? ›The Arawaks or the Tainos, as some of them were called, were not tall people; they were of medium height or short and generally slim. Christopher Columbus in his journals described them as neither black nor white. It is believed that they had an olive complexion. They also had long, straight, coarse black hair.
What color skin did Taíno have? ›The Tainos were known by this distinct bronze coloration of the skin. This was a way of telling who tainos were during the early settling days of Christopher Columbus.
Are Jamaicans Taíno? ›The Taínos and Arawak are indigenous tribes of Jamaica and “First People” making them and their history a significant part of Jamaica's history. The fingerprints of Taínos and Arawak culture, language, food and lifestyle still influence Jamaican today.
Were the Tainos black? ›Recent research notes a high percentage of mixed or tri-racial ancestry among people in Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic, with those claiming Taíno ancestry also having Spanish and African ancestry.
What god did the Taínos fear? ›Guabancex is the zemi or deity of chaos and disorder which the Taíno natives in Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Cuba, Arawak natives elsewhere in the Caribbean.
What god did the Taínos worship? ›The Tainos believed in two main gods, Yucahu, who was the god of cassava (the main food crop of the Taino) and Atabey, the mother of Yucahu and the goddess of fertility. They also had many other deities, such as Guabancex, the goddess of hurricanes and Maketaori Guayaba, the god of the dead.
Who is the main god of Taíno? ›Taíno religion, as recorded by late 15th and 16th century Spaniards, centered on a supreme creator god and a fertility goddess. The creator god is Yúcahu Maórocoti and he governs the growth of the staple food, the cassava. The goddess is Attabeira, who governs water, rivers, and seas.
What does the name Taíno mean? ›The name Taíno was given by Columbus. When he met some native men, they said "Taíno, Taíno", meaning "We are good, noble". Columbus thought that taíno was the name of the people. Rouse divides the Taínos into three main groups. One is the Classic Taíno, from Hispaniola and Puerto Rico.
What does the word Taíno mean? ›Taino. / (ˈtaɪnəʊ) / noun. plural -nos or -no a member of an American Indian people of the Greater Antilles and the Bahamas.
What is a Taíno name? ›
The Taínos ("Taíno" means "relatives"), unlike the Caribs (who practiced regular raids on other groups), were peaceful seafaring people and distant relatives of the Arawak people of South America. Taíno society was divided into two classes: Nitainos (nobles) and the Naborias (commoners).
What did the Taínos call Puerto Rico? ›The Taíno name for Puerto Rico was Boriken. This is why Puerto Rico is now also called Borinquen by Puerto Rican people, and why many Puerto Ricans call themselves Boricua. Many Puerto Rican towns still have the original Taíno name (Caguas, Cayey, Humacao, Guayama and others).
What did the Taino call Haiti? ›The Taino Indians that once inhabited the island of Hispaniola which is comprised of Haiti and the Dominican Republic called the island Hayti, or the Land of Mountains.
What is the Taínos leader call? ›A cacique ( Spanish: [kaˈsike]; Portuguese: [kɐˈsikɨ, kaˈsiki]; feminine form: cacica) was a tribal chieftain of the Taíno people, who were the indigenous inhabitants of the Bahamas, the Greater Antilles, and the northern Lesser Antilles at the time of European contact with those places.
How do you say thank you in Taíno? ›Hahom (thank you)...
What language do Taínos speak now? ›During the Spanish colonization of Puerto Rico, the Taíno and Spanish languages influenced each other, leading to the creation of a Spanish-Taíno creole, which became a standardized form of communication amongst Puerto Ricans.
How do you say girl in Taíno? ›...
Taino Word Set.
| English (Français) | Taino words |
|---|---|
| Woman (Femme) | Inaru |
| Dog (Chien) | Aon |
| Sun (Soleil) | Guey |
| Moon (Lune) | Karaya |
The person Taino ancestry is not or did not come from Puerto Rico. It is to be noted that we are a tribally specific Taino tribe. We do not accept anyone or any person whom ancestry is not nor shows proof that they originally come from Puerto Rico and its island territory. 3.
How many races make up a Puerto Rican? ›According to the National Geographic Genographic Project, "the average Puerto Rican individual carries 12% Native American, 65% West Eurasian (Mediterranean, Northern European and/or Middle Eastern) and 20% Sub-Saharan African DNA."
Who was in Puerto Rico before the Taínos? ›The first inhabitants of Puerto Rico were hunter-gatherers who reached the island more than 1,000 years before the arrival of the Spanish. Arawak Indians, who developed the Taino culture, had also settled there by 1000 ce.
What are Puerto Ricans mixed with? ›
As a result, Puerto Rican bloodlines and culture evolved through a mixing of the Spanish, African, and indigenous Taíno and Carib Indian races that shared the island. Today, many Puerto Rican towns retain their Taíno names, such as Utuado, Mayagüez and Caguas.
What is Puerto Rican DNA made of? ›The average Puerto Rican is made up of 12% Native American, 65% West Eurasian (Mediterranean, Northern European and/or Middle Eastern) and 20% Sub-Saharan African DNA, so don't be surprised if your family tells you that their ancestors came from somewhere utterly different to your expectations.
What are Taínos mixed with? ›Those who survived mixed with Spaniards, Africans, and others. Taino culture was largely wiped out, although several groups claiming Taino descent gained visibility in the late 20th century, notably in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. state of Florida.
Did Taínos have curly hair? ›The significance of brown skin has been attributed to the Taínos, but one phenotypical feature betrays one's African ancestry: curly hair. Both Spaniards and Taínos have straight hair, thus, any waves or curls in one's hair unmistakably indicates Blackness.
Did the Taino have tattoos? ›“As a pre-columbian society the Taino had no written alphabet. Instead they had a language called Arawakan, which consisted of petroglyphs, artistic symbols that were carved on rocks. These artful symbols were also tattooed. Taino men had tattoos for spiritual purposes, the women had piercings.”
What did the Taínos invent? ›The Taino Indians of Puerto Rico began rolling tobacco into tubes around 4,000 BC. They also invented BBQ and the Hammock.
What were the 3 religious practices of the Taíno people? ›There were three primary religious practices: Religious worship and obeisance to the zemi themselves. Dancing in the village court during special festivals of thanksgiving or petition. Medicine men, or priests, consulting the zemi for advice and healing.
What did the Taíno wear? ›Men wore loincloths and women wore aprons of cotton or palm fibres. Both sexes painted themselves on special occasions, and they wore earrings, nose rings, and necklaces, which were sometimes made of gold. The Taino also made pottery, baskets, and implements of stone and wood.
How many gods did the Taínos have? ›The Tainos believed in two main gods, Yucahu, who was the god of cassava (the main food crop of the Taino) and Atabey, the mother of Yucahu and the goddess of fertility.
What were Tainos originally called? ›When Columbus set foot in the Americas, the so-called “Taino” were the dominant group in the Greater Antilles, the northern Lesser Antilles, and the Bahamas, where they were known as the Lucayans (1).
What language do Taínos speak? ›
Taíno is an extinct Arawakan language that was spoken by the Taíno people of the Caribbean. At the time of Spanish contact, it was the most common language throughout the Caribbean.
Who was the female Taino chief? ›Anacaona (1474? –1504), or Golden Flower, was a Taíno cacica, or female cacique (chief), religious expert, poet and composer born in Xaragua.
What culture is Taíno? ›Taíno Indians, a subgroup of the Arawakan Indians (a group of American Indians in northeastern South America), inhabited the Greater Antilles (comprising Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola [Haiti and the Dominican Republic], and Puerto Rico) in the Caribbean Sea at the time when Christopher Columbus' arrived to the New World.
What did Taínos sleep on? ›People slept in cotton hammocks or simply on mats of banana leaves. They also made wooden chairs with woven seats, couches and built cradles for their children.
Did Taínos get tattoos? ›“As a pre-columbian society the Taino had no written alphabet. Instead they had a language called Arawakan, which consisted of petroglyphs, artistic symbols that were carved on rocks. These artful symbols were also tattooed. Taino men had tattoos for spiritual purposes, the women had piercings.”
What religion is Taíno? ›Taíno religion was polytheistic, which is the belief in several gods or di- vinities who are the subject of worship on an independent basis. Their gods were called cemís, religious persons identified with an image or idol worshipped by the community or a particular individual.